Alabaster

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Tutankhamun's Alabaster Jar

Alabaster is a fine-grained, translucent form of gypsum, a mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate. It has been used throughout history for sculpture and building decoration due to its workability and attractive appearance. Alabaster is typically white or lightly tinted, often with natural veins running through it that add to its decorative appeal. This material should not be confused with calcite alabaster, also known as onyx-marble, Mexican onyx, or Egyptian alabaster, which is a carbonate mineral. The two types of alabaster have similar appearances but differ in their physical and chemical properties; gypsum-based alabaster is softer and can be scratched with a fingernail, whereas calcite alabaster is harder.

History

Alabaster has been valued as a material for art and architecture for thousands of years. The ancient Egyptians used it for making statues, vases, and other artifacts. In medieval Europe, it was commonly used for religious sculptures and altarpieces. The use of alabaster declined in the Renaissance period, but it saw a resurgence in the 19th century with the Gothic Revival and Arts and Crafts movements.

Extraction and Processing

Alabaster is quarried in various parts of the world, including Spain, Italy, Egypt, and the United States. The extraction process involves careful removal of the alabaster from the earth to prevent damage to the stone. Once extracted, the alabaster is cut into blocks or slabs and then further processed into the desired shape for use in sculptures, tiles, or other decorative elements.

Properties and Uses

Due to its softness and workability, alabaster is particularly suited for detailed carving. It has been used for both small-scale sculptures and large architectural elements. In addition to its use in art and architecture, alabaster is also used for making ornamental objects such as lamps, vases, and jewelry. Its translucency allows for the passage of light, making it an attractive material for lampshades and other lighting fixtures.

Conservation

Alabaster is susceptible to weathering and can dissolve in water, making it vulnerable to damage when exposed to the elements. Conservation efforts for alabaster artifacts and structures typically involve protecting them from moisture and pollutants. In some cases, damaged alabaster can be restored through careful cleaning and repair.

Cultural Significance

Alabaster holds cultural significance in many societies. In ancient Egypt, it was associated with the goddess Bastet and was used to make canopic jars and other items for burial rites. In the Christian tradition, alabaster boxes were purportedly used to hold precious ointments and perfumes.

Alabaster Resources
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