Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1
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Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) is a species of virus in the genus Macavirus, which is part of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae within the family Herpesviridae. This virus is primarily known for causing a disease called Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF) in susceptible ruminants, such as cattle and deer.
Virology[edit | edit source]
Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 is a double-stranded DNA virus. It is a member of the gammaherpesviruses, which are known for establishing latent infections in lymphoid tissues. The virus is primarily hosted by wildebeest, where it causes a subclinical infection, meaning the wildebeest do not show symptoms of the disease. However, when the virus is transmitted to other species, such as cattle, it can cause severe disease.
Transmission[edit | edit source]
The primary hosts of AlHV-1 are wildebeest, particularly the blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus). The virus is shed in nasal and ocular secretions, especially during the calving season. Susceptible species, such as cattle, can become infected through direct contact with these secretions or indirectly through contaminated environments.
Pathogenesis[edit | edit source]
In susceptible species, AlHV-1 causes malignant catarrhal fever, a disease characterized by high fever, depression, swollen lymph nodes, and severe inflammation of the mucous membranes, particularly in the eyes and respiratory tract. The disease is often fatal in cattle, with no effective treatment available.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of AlHV-1 infection and MCF is typically based on clinical signs and confirmed through laboratory tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays are commonly used to detect viral DNA in blood or tissue samples. Serological tests can also be used to identify antibodies against the virus.
Prevention and Control[edit | edit source]
Preventing AlHV-1 infection in cattle primarily involves minimizing contact with wildebeest, especially during the calving season when virus shedding is highest. This can be achieved through physical barriers or by managing grazing patterns to avoid overlap between cattle and wildebeest.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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