Alcohol flush reaction

Alcohol flush reaction is a physiological response experienced by some people when they consume alcoholic beverages. It is characterized by the development of a red or flushed complexion, and can extend from the face to the neck and other parts of the body.

Overview

The alcohol flush reaction is primarily caused by a deficiency in an enzyme called aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). This enzyme plays a crucial role in the metabolism of alcohol in the liver by converting acetaldehyde, a potent toxin, into harmless acetate and water. People with this deficiency have a reduced capacity to metabolize acetaldehyde, leading to its accumulation in the body, which results in flushing and other symptoms.

Symptoms

Aside from the characteristic flushing, other symptoms can include:

• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)
• Headache
• These symptoms can occur even with small amounts of alcohol.

Genetic Factors

The ALDH2 deficiency is a genetic condition more commonly seen in people of East Asian descent, including those from China, Japan, and Korea. This genetic tendency is often referred to as the "Asian flush" or "Asian glow".

Health Implications

While the alcohol flush reaction itself is not harmful, the accumulation of acetaldehyde can increase the risk of certain types of cancer, particularly esophageal cancer. Furthermore, individuals with this reaction may be more prone to the effects of alcoholism.

Treatment and Management

The most effective way to prevent alcohol flush reaction is to avoid or limit the consumption of alcohol. Some individuals use H2 blockers or antihistamines to reduce the reaction, but this is considered off-label use and is not recommended due to potential side effects and the risk of masking the body's natural response to alcohol.

See Also

• Alcohol intolerance
• Alcohol and health
• Ethanol metabolism
• Aldehyde dehydrogenase

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