Alcohol sulfotransferase

Enzyme involved in the metabolism of alcohols

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Alcohol sulfotransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a sulfonate group from a donor molecule to an alcohol substrate. This enzymatic activity is crucial in the metabolism of various alcohols within biological systems, facilitating their conversion into more water-soluble forms for excretion.

Function

Alcohol sulfotransferases are part of the sulfotransferase family of enzymes, which are responsible for the sulfation of a wide range of substrates, including hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and xenobiotics. The primary function of alcohol sulfotransferase is to transfer a sulfonate group from a donor molecule, typically 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), to an alcohol group on the substrate. This reaction results in the formation of a sulfate ester and the release of adenosine monophosphate (AMP).

Mechanism

The mechanism of action for alcohol sulfotransferase involves the binding of the enzyme to both the alcohol substrate and the PAPS donor molecule. The enzyme facilitates the nucleophilic attack of the alcohol's hydroxyl group on the sulfur atom of the sulfonate group, leading to the transfer of the sulfonate and the formation of a sulfate ester. This process is essential for increasing the solubility of alcohols, aiding in their excretion from the body.

Biological Importance

Alcohol sulfotransferases play a significant role in the detoxification and metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds. By converting alcohols into their sulfate conjugates, these enzymes help in the regulation of hormone levels, the metabolism of drugs, and the detoxification of potentially harmful substances. The activity of alcohol sulfotransferases is crucial in maintaining homeostasis and protecting the body from toxic insults.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in alcohol sulfotransferase activity can have significant clinical implications. Overactivity or underactivity of these enzymes can lead to imbalances in hormone levels, affecting physiological processes. Additionally, variations in enzyme activity can influence the metabolism of drugs, impacting their efficacy and toxicity. Understanding the role of alcohol sulfotransferases in drug metabolism is important for the development of personalized medicine approaches.

Related pages

• Sulfotransferase
• Metabolism
• Detoxification
• Enzyme

Gallery

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  Diagram of alcohol sulfotransferase

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