Alexander Langmuir

Tom Chin, Melvin Goodwin, and Alexander Langmuir Reviewing CDC Blueprints

Dr. Alexander D. Langmuir eating

Alexander Langmuir with William C Watson Jr and Leona Baumgartner

Alexander Duncan Langmuir (September 12, 1910 – November 22, 1993) was an American epidemiologist and public health official who is often credited with establishing the field of epidemiology in the United States as a rigorous and systematic discipline. He is best known for founding the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which has played a crucial role in detecting and responding to outbreaks of infectious diseases both in the United States and around the world.

Early Life and Education

Alexander Langmuir was born in Santa Monica, California, and grew up in a family with a strong emphasis on science and medicine. He pursued his undergraduate education at Harvard University, where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree. Following his graduation from Harvard, Langmuir attended Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, earning his Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree. His interest in public health led him to further his studies at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, where he received a Master of Public Health (MPH) degree.

Career

After completing his education, Langmuir served as an epidemiologist for the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and later joined the faculty at the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health. In 1949, he was appointed as the chief epidemiologist at the CDC, a position he held until his retirement in 1970.

During his tenure at the CDC, Langmuir's most significant contribution was the establishment of the Epidemic Intelligence Service in 1951. The EIS was created in response to the threat of biological warfare during the Korean War, but its mission quickly expanded to include surveillance and response to naturally occurring outbreaks of infectious diseases. Under Langmuir's leadership, the EIS trained a cadre of field epidemiologists, known as "disease detectives," who were deployed to investigate outbreaks and implement control measures.

Langmuir also played a key role in developing the concept of surveillance in public health. He advocated for the systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of data on infectious diseases to guide public health action. His work laid the foundation for many of the surveillance systems that are in place today.

Legacy

Alexander Langmuir's contributions to public health and epidemiology have had a lasting impact. The EIS has grown into a globally recognized program that has trained over 3,500 epidemiologists who have gone on to leadership positions in public health around the world. Langmuir's emphasis on rigorous scientific methods and rapid response to public health threats has shaped the field of epidemiology and influenced public health policy and practice.

Death

Alexander Langmuir passed away on November 22, 1993, but his legacy continues through the work of the EIS and the many public health professionals he trained and inspired.

See Also

• Epidemiology
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Public Health
• Epidemic Intelligence Service