Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid

Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid (also known as 2-oxoglutaric acid or α-KG) is a key molecule in the Krebs cycle, playing a vital role in the energy production of living organisms. It is a crystalline acid that is found in many fruits and vegetables, and is also produced in the body during the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates.

Chemical Structure

Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid is a five-carbon dicarboxylic acid, which means it has two carboxyl groups (-COOH) and one ketone group (=O). Its chemical formula is C5H6O5. The alpha-ketoglutarate molecule is planar, with the two carboxyl groups and the ketone group all lying in the same plane.

Biological Role

In the Krebs cycle, alpha-ketoglutaric acid is formed from isocitrate via the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase. It is then converted into succinyl-CoA by the enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. This process is crucial for the production of ATP, the main energy currency of the cell.

Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid also plays a role in amino acid metabolism. It can accept an amino group to form glutamate, a process known as transamination. Glutamate can then be used in the synthesis of other amino acids, proteins, and neurotransmitters.

Health Benefits

Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid is often used as a dietary supplement due to its potential health benefits. It is believed to improve athletic performance, promote healthy aging, and support brain health. However, more research is needed to confirm these benefits.

Safety and Side Effects

Alpha-Ketoglutaric acid is generally considered safe when used as directed. However, it can cause side effects such as stomach upset, diarrhea, and low blood pressure in some people. It is recommended to consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

See Also

• Krebs cycle
• Amino acid metabolism
• Dietary supplement