Alpha-Pinene

Alpha-Pinene is a monoterpene organic compound found in the oils of many species of coniferous trees, notably pines. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Alpha-Pinene is one of the two isomers of pinene, the other being beta-Pinene. It is colorless liquid soluble in alcohol, but not water. It has a woody-green pine-like smell.

Chemical Structure

Alpha-Pinene has the molecular formula C10H16 and is a bicyclic monoterpene, which is an organic compound made up of two isoprene units with the molecular formula C5H8. The structure has a six-membered ring and a four-membered ring, with the unsaturated bond of one of the isoprene units constituting the junction of the rings.

Biosynthesis

Alpha-Pinene is biosynthesized from geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), a derivative of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). The enzyme pinene synthase catalyzes the cyclization of GPP into alpha-pinene.

Uses

Alpha-Pinene is used in the production of synthetic camphor and insecticides. It is also used as a flavoring agent and in perfumery because of its pleasant smell. In traditional medicine, alpha-pinene has been used for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.

Pharmacology

Alpha-Pinene has been studied for its potential pharmacological properties. It has been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic properties. It is also a bronchodilator in humans, and has been used in traditional medicine for its effects on the respiratory system.

Safety

Alpha-Pinene is generally considered safe for topical and aromatic use. However, it may cause skin irritation in some individuals, and should be used with caution.

See Also

• Beta-Pinene
• Terpene
• Essential oil