Alpha-adrenergic

Alpha-adrenergic receptors (or α-adrenergic receptors) are a type of G protein-coupled receptor that are targets of many sympathomimetic agents. These receptors are activated by the neurotransmitters and hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).

Types

There are two types of α-adrenergic receptors, α1 and α2.

• Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor - These receptors have three subtypes: α1A, α1B, and α1D. They are found in smooth muscle, the central nervous system, and other tissues. When these receptors are activated, they typically cause an excitatory response in the target cell.

• Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor - These receptors also have three subtypes: α2A, α2B, and α2C. They are found in the brain and peripheral nervous system. When these receptors are activated, they typically cause an inhibitory response in the target cell.

Function

Alpha-adrenergic receptors play a significant role in regulating neurotransmission. The α1 receptors are associated with vasoconstrictive and secretory actions, while the α2 receptors are associated with inhibitory effects.

Clinical significance

Alpha-adrenergic receptors are targets for a variety of drugs used in medicine, such as vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, antihypertensives, and anesthetics. They are also involved in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and depression.

See also

• Beta-adrenergic receptor
• Adrenergic receptor

References

Alpha-adrenergic Resources
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