Alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone

Alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP), also known as flakka, is a synthetic stimulant of the cathinone class developed in the 1960s that has been sold as a designer drug. It is chemically related to pyrovalerone and is the ketone analog of prolintane.

Chemistry

Alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone is a synthetic cathinone. It is a ketone and contains a pyrrolidine ring, a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring, attached to the alpha carbon of the pentiophenone group. The chemical formula for α-PVP is C15H21NO. As a cathinone, it is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, with similar effects to amphetamines and cocaine.

Pharmacology

The mechanism of action of α-PVP is primarily through acting as a potent norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), with much weaker effects at the serotonin receptors. This action leads to increased concentrations of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, causing stimulant effects.

Effects

Users of α-PVP can experience intense stimulant effects including increased energy, alertness, and euphoria. However, adverse effects are common and can include paranoia, hallucinations, aggressive behavior, and hyperstimulation. The drug has a high potential for abuse and addiction, with users often experiencing severe withdrawal symptoms.

Legal Status

The legal status of α-PVP varies by country but it has been classified as a controlled substance in many parts of the world due to its potential for abuse and harm. In the United States, α-PVP is a Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act, indicating it has a high potential for abuse with no accepted medical use.

Health Risks

The use of α-PVP can lead to serious health risks including cardiovascular problems, neurological damage, and acute psychological effects. There have been reports of fatalities and hospitalizations due to overdose and adverse reactions to the drug.

See Also

• Cathinone
• Stimulant
• Designer drug
• Drug addiction