Alpha hydroxy acids

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are a group of natural and synthetic ingredients that, when properly formulated, can exfoliate the uppermost layers of skin. They are used in a variety of skincare products due to their ability to enhance the skin's surface, correct uneven skin tone, and improve overall skin texture.

History

The use of AHAs dates back to ancient times. Cleopatra is said to have bathed in sour milk, which contains lactic acid, to improve the texture and tone of her skin. In the modern era, AHAs have been widely used in the skincare industry since the 1990s.

Types

There are several types of alpha hydroxy acids, each derived from a different source. These include:

• Glycolic acid: Derived from sugar cane, it has the smallest molecule size and can penetrate the skin deeply and easily.
• Lactic acid: Derived from sour milk, it is less irritating and more moisturizing than glycolic acid.
• Malic acid: Derived from apples and pears.
• Tartaric acid: Derived from grapes.
• Citric acid: Derived from citrus fruits.
• Mandelic acid: Derived from bitter almonds.

Uses

Alpha hydroxy acids are primarily used to exfoliate the skin. They work by breaking down the bonds that hold dead skin cells together, allowing the cells to be easily sloughed off. This reveals fresher, smoother skin underneath. AHAs are commonly used in anti-aging products, as they can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

In addition to exfoliation, AHAs have other skin benefits. They can help to:

• Improve skin texture
• Brighten skin tone
• Reduce the appearance of large pores
• Increase skin hydration
• Stimulate collagen production

Safety and Side Effects

While alpha hydroxy acids are generally safe for most skin types, they can cause side effects, especially when used in high concentrations or for extended periods of time. Potential side effects include:

• Skin irritation
• Redness
• Dryness
• Increased sensitivity to the sun

To minimize potential side effects, it is recommended to start with a low concentration of AHAs and gradually increase as the skin becomes more tolerant. It is also important to use sun protection, as AHAs can make the skin more sensitive to UV radiation.

See Also

• Beta hydroxy acid
• Polyhydroxy acid
• Skin care