Alphacoronavirus

Alphacoronavirus is a genus of coronavirus that primarily infects mammals. This genus is part of the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, within the family Coronaviridae, in the order Nidovirales. Alphacoronaviruses are distinguished by their unique genetic makeup and the specific types of hosts they infect.

Characteristics

Alphacoronaviruses are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. They have a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry. The virus particles are spherical, with a diameter of approximately 125 nm. The envelope of the virus contains a lipid bilayer where the membrane (M), envelope (E) and spike (S) structural proteins are anchored.

Hosts and Transmission

Alphacoronaviruses primarily infect mammals, including bats, pigs, cats, and humans. They are transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals, or indirectly through contact with surfaces contaminated by the virus, followed by touching the face.

Diseases

Alphacoronaviruses are responsible for a range of diseases in their host organisms. In humans, they can cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses like the common cold. Some strains, such as the HCoV-229E, can cause severe respiratory tract infections.

Prevention and Treatment

Prevention of alphacoronavirus infections involves general viral infection prevention measures such as regular hand washing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched objects and surfaces. There are currently no specific treatments for alphacoronavirus infections. Management involves the treatment of symptoms and supportive care.

See Also

• Betacoronavirus
• Gammacoronavirus
• Deltacoronavirus