Alphamononivirus

Alphamononivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Mononegavirales, family Paramyxoviridae, and subfamily Avulavirinae. Viruses in Alphamononivirus are enveloped, with non-segmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes. The genus contains one species, Avian paramyxovirus 1.

Structure

Alphamononiviruses are enveloped, with spherical to pleomorphic geometries. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear, around 15.2 kb in length. The genome codes for 6 proteins: N, P, M, F, HN, and L.

Life Cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral HN glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Replication follows the negative stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative stranded RNA virus transcription, using polymerase stuttering is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by budding, and tubule-guided viral movement. Birds serve as the natural host.

Clinical Relevance

The only species in this genus, Avian paramyxovirus 1, is the causative agent of Newcastle disease, a highly contagious bird disease affecting many domestic and wild avian species. It is transmissible to humans.

See Also

• Paramyxoviridae
• Mononegavirales
• Newcastle disease