Amanita crocea

Amanita crocea, commonly known as the saffron ringless amanita or orange grisette, is a species of mushroom belonging to the Amanitaceae family. This fungus is notable for its distinctive orange cap, lack of a ring on the stem, and its association with deciduous and coniferous trees, where it forms ectomycorrhizal relationships. It is found across various parts of Europe and has been reported in some regions of Asia, contributing to the biodiversity of mycorrhizal fungi in these ecosystems.

Description

Amanita crocea features a cap that ranges from 5 to 15 cm in diameter, initially convex before flattening out with age, often with a slight umbo. The cap's color can vary from deep orange to a lighter, more yellowish hue, sometimes with an olive tinge. The surface of the cap is smooth and can become sticky when wet. Unlike many other species in the genus Amanita, Amanita crocea does not have a ring (annulus) on its stem. The stem is white to pale orange, measuring 8 to 15 cm in height and 1 to 2 cm in diameter, with a bulbous base. The gills are free and crowded, white to pale cream in color.

The spores are white in deposit, elliptical, and non-amyloid, measuring 9 to 12 by 6 to 8 micrometers. This species is distinguished by its ectomycorrhizal habit, forming symbiotic associations with hardwoods and conifers, which is crucial for nutrient exchange between the soil and its host tree.

Habitat and Distribution

Amanita crocea is primarily found in Europe, with sightings also reported from parts of Asia. It prefers temperate forests, thriving under deciduous trees such as oaks and beeches, as well as under conifers. This mushroom emerges from summer to fall, depending on the local climate and conditions.

Edibility

While Amanita crocea is considered edible, caution is advised due to the potential for confusion with other toxic Amanita species, such as Amanita muscaria and Amanita pantherina. Proper identification by an experienced mycologist is recommended before consumption. The mushroom is said to have a mild taste and is used in some traditional European cuisines.

Conservation

As of now, Amanita crocea does not appear to be under significant threat. However, like many fungi, it could be susceptible to changes in its habitat due to deforestation, pollution, and climate change. Conservation of its natural habitat is essential for the preservation of this species.