Amantadin

Amantadin

Amantadine is an antiviral medication used to prevent or treat certain influenza infections (specifically Influenza A). Additionally, it is utilized in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and Parkinson-like symptoms that may occur due to various conditions, often in combination with other medications. Amantadine works by blocking the action of the virus in the body and helps to improve muscle control and reduce stiffness in Parkinson's disease by affecting certain substances in the nervous system.

Medical Uses

Amantadine is primarily used for:

• Prevention and treatment of Influenza A in adults and children.
• Treatment of Parkinson's disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions.

Mechanism of Action

For influenza, amantadine inhibits the viral M2 protein, which is a proton channel necessary for the viral particle to become "uncoated" once it is taken inside the cell by endocytosis. In Parkinson's disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions, it is believed to work by increasing the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, and blocking its reuptake in the neurons.

Side Effects

Common side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, constipation, and trouble sleeping. More severe side effects may include depression, anxiety, hallucinations, and, rarely, suicidal ideation. It is important for patients to monitor for side effects and consult their healthcare provider for any concerns.

Contraindications

Amantadine should not be used in individuals with known hypersensitivity to the drug. Caution is advised in patients with a history of seizure disorders, congestive heart failure, or kidney disease.

Pharmacology

Amantadine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is primarily excreted unchanged in the urine. It has a half-life of about 17 hours in healthy individuals but may be increased in those with renal impairment.

History

Amantadine was first approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1966 for the prevention and treatment of influenza A. Its use was later expanded to include treatment for Parkinson's disease symptoms after it was discovered to have beneficial effects on the nervous system.

See Also

• Influenza vaccine
• Antiviral drug
• Parkinson's disease treatment