Ambubachi Mela

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Ambubachi Mela is a Hindu festival celebrated in the Kamakhya Temple, located in the city of Guwahati, in the state of Assam, India. This annual festival marks the menstruation period of the goddess Kamakhya. It is believed that during the month of Ashadha (June–July), the presiding goddess of the temple, Kamakhya, undergoes her annual menstrual cycle. The Ambubachi Mela is also known as Ameti or Tantric fertility festival and is a significant event attracting thousands of pilgrims and tantric sadhus from all over India and abroad.

Origins and Significance

The origins of Ambubachi Mela are deeply rooted in the Shaktism tradition of Hinduism, which emphasizes the worship of the goddess, or Devi, as the ultimate source of power and energy. Kamakhya Temple, where the festival is held, is one of the 51 Shakti Peethas scattered across the Indian subcontinent. These sites are believed to be the spots where parts of the goddess Sati's body fell as her husband, Lord Shiva, carried her lifeless body in sorrow. The Kamakhya Temple is said to be the site where Sati's womb and vagina fell.

During the festival, the temple remains closed for three days, symbolizing the period of menstruation. It is believed that the earth becomes impure during this time. On the fourth day, the temple doors are reopened after the goddess is bathed and other rituals are performed to ensure her purification. This day is known as Ambubachi Mela and is considered highly auspicious. Devotees believe that praying at the temple during this time will bring blessings and fulfillment of desires.

Cultural Practices

The Ambubachi Mela is not just a religious event but also a cultural festival that showcases the rich traditions of Assam. Pilgrims and sadhus, many of whom practice Tantra, gather at the temple. The festival is marked by the performance of various rituals, devotional music, and cultural programs. Sadhus and ascetics of different sects, including the Aghori, are seen engaging in their practices and offering blessings to the devotees.

Environmental and Social Impact

The Ambubachi Mela has a significant impact on the local environment and society. The influx of a large number of pilgrims poses challenges in terms of waste management and maintenance of sanitation. Efforts are made by the temple authorities and local government to manage these issues and ensure a clean and safe environment for the pilgrims.

Challenges and Controversies

The festival has faced challenges and controversies, particularly concerning the environmental impact and the commercialization of the event. There have been concerns about the sustainability of the festival in its current form, given the strain it puts on local resources.

Conclusion

The Ambubachi Mela remains a vital expression of the Hindu faith and the cultural heritage of Assam. It is a testament to the enduring power of tradition and the deep reverence held for the divine feminine in Hinduism. As one of the most significant religious gatherings in India, it continues to attract devotees and tourists from around the world, offering a unique insight into the spiritual and cultural life of the region.