American Bottom

American Bottom is a region located in the southwestern part of Illinois, United States. It is situated along the eastern bank of the Mississippi River, across from St. Louis, Missouri. The region is known for its rich history, diverse cultural heritage, and significant archaeological sites. This article will provide a detailed overview of the American Bottom, highlighting its geographical features, historical significance, and notable attractions.

Geography

The American Bottom is a floodplain that stretches approximately 80 miles along the Mississippi River. It covers an area of about 175 square miles and is characterized by its flat topography and fertile soil. The region is bounded by the Mississippi River to the west, the bluffs of the Mississippi River Valley to the east, and the Cahokia and Wood River drainages to the north and south, respectively.

History

The American Bottom has a long and complex history, with evidence of human habitation dating back thousands of years. The region was home to several Native American cultures, including the Mississippian civilization, which flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries. One of the most significant archaeological sites in the area is Cahokia Mounds, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was once the largest pre-Columbian settlement north of Mexico and served as the political and religious center of the Mississippian culture.

European exploration of the American Bottom began in the late 17th century when French explorers, such as Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette, ventured into the region. The French established settlements, including Fort de Chartres, which became an important trading post and military outpost. In the late 18th century, the area came under Spanish control as part of the Illinois Country. Eventually, it was ceded to the United States in the early 19th century.

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the American Bottom experienced significant industrial development. The region became a hub for manufacturing, particularly in the areas of coal mining, steel production, and transportation. The growth of industries attracted a diverse population, including immigrants from Europe and African Americans who migrated from the South during the Great Migration.

Attractions

The American Bottom offers a range of attractions that showcase its rich history and natural beauty. Some notable sites include:

Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site: This archaeological site preserves the remains of the ancient city of Cahokia. Visitors can explore the mounds, plazas, and other structures that once formed the heart of the Mississippian civilization.

Fort de Chartres State Historic Site: Located near Prairie du Rocher, this reconstructed fort provides a glimpse into the region's colonial past. The site features a museum and various exhibits that highlight the French and American influences on the area.

Lewis and Clark State Historic Site: Situated in Hartford, this site commemorates the Lewis and Clark Expedition, which departed from the American Bottom in 1804. Visitors can learn about the journey and its significance in American history.

National Great Rivers Museum: Located in Alton, this museum focuses on the Mississippi River and its impact on the region. Exhibits cover topics such as river ecology, navigation, and the history of river transportation.

Conclusion

The American Bottom is a region of great historical and cultural significance. From its ancient Native American civilizations to its role in European exploration and industrial development, the area has played a vital role in shaping the history of the United States. Today, visitors can explore the region's archaeological sites, historic landmarks, and museums to gain a deeper understanding of its rich heritage. Whether you are interested in history, nature, or both, the American Bottom offers a unique and rewarding experience.