Ammonium carbamate

Ammonium carbamate is an organic compound with the formula NH4[H2NCO2]. It is a white, crystalline solid that is extremely soluble in water and has a strong ammonia odor. It is a key intermediate in the urea cycle, which is the primary pathway by which mammals excrete nitrogen waste.

Chemical Structure

Ammonium carbamate is composed of one ammonium ion (NH4+) and one carbamate ion (H2NCO2-). The carbamate ion is a resonance hybrid of two structures, one with a positive charge on the nitrogen atom and the other with a negative charge on the oxygen atom.

Synthesis

Ammonium carbamate can be synthesized by the reaction of ammonia with carbon dioxide. This reaction is exothermic and is carried out in high-pressure equipment. The product is a white, crystalline solid that is extremely soluble in water.

Uses

Ammonium carbamate is used in the production of urea, which is a major component of fertilizer. It is also used in the production of other chemicals, including pharmaceuticals and plastics.

Safety

Ammonium carbamate is a strong irritant to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. It is harmful if swallowed or inhaled, and it can cause serious eye damage. Proper safety precautions should be taken when handling this chemical.

See Also

• Ammonia
• Carbon dioxide
• Urea cycle
• Fertilizer
• Pharmaceuticals
• Plastics