Ammonium carbonate

Ammonium carbonate is a compound with the formula (NH4)2CO3. It is a product of the reaction between ammonia and carbon dioxide, and is used in a variety of applications, including as a leavening agent in baking, in the production of ammonia-based fertilizers, and in the treatment of bronchitis and other respiratory conditions.

History

Ammonium carbonate was first synthesized in the 13th century by the alchemists, who referred to it as "salt of hartshorn". It was later used in the 18th and 19th centuries as a leavening agent for bread and other baked goods, before being largely replaced by baking powder and baking soda.

Production

Ammonium carbonate is produced by reacting ammonia with carbon dioxide under high pressure and temperature. This reaction is highly exothermic, releasing a large amount of heat. The resulting product is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water.

Uses

Ammonium carbonate is used in a variety of applications. In the food industry, it is used as a leavening agent in the production of baked goods. It is also used in the production of ammonia-based fertilizers, due to its high nitrogen content. In medicine, it is used in the treatment of bronchitis and other respiratory conditions, as it helps to loosen and remove mucus from the lungs.

Health and safety

Exposure to ammonium carbonate can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Ingestion can lead to nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Long-term exposure can lead to more serious health effects, including damage to the lungs and respiratory system.

See also

• Ammonia
• Carbon dioxide
• Baking powder
• Baking soda