Smelling salts

Smelling salts are a combination of ammonium carbonate and perfume used traditionally to revive those feeling faint or unconscious. They function by irritating the membranes of the nose and lungs, resulting in an inhalation reflex that alters the pattern of breathing, leading to improved alertness and consciousness.

Ammonia inhalants, to revive patient from fainting of shock, to be used as smelling salts, front side

History

Smelling salts have been used since Roman times and were especially popular in the Victorian era. They were considered a first-aid remedy to revive people who had fainted.

Composition and Mechanism of Action

Smelling salts are composed of ammonium carbonate, a solid compound that releases ammonia gas when it comes into contact with moisture, such as that found in the human nose. The ammonia gas irritates the nasal and lung membranes and triggers an inhalation reflex, disrupting the pattern of breathing and increasing airflow in the respiratory tract. This results in a heightened level of alertness and can help to restore consciousness in someone who has fainted.

Uses

Traditionally, smelling salts were used to revive people who had fainted. Today, they are sometimes used in professional sports to help athletes regain consciousness or focus. However, their use is somewhat controversial due to potential health risks, including lung damage from prolonged exposure to the ammonia gas.

Risks and Side Effects

While generally safe for occasional use, prolonged exposure to ammonia gas can cause lung damage. This is especially true in enclosed spaces or if the person has a pre-existing respiratory condition. Other side effects may include coughing, throat irritation, and eye watering.

Conclusion

Smelling salts, a traditional remedy for faintness, work by stimulating the respiratory system through the release of ammonia gas. Although they have been used for centuries, caution is advised due to potential health risks.

See also

• Ammonium carbonate
• Fainting
• First aid

References

Smelling salts Resources
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