Amphetamine use disorder

Amphetamine Use Disorder is a type of Substance Use Disorder characterized by the misuse and overuse of amphetamines, a class of potent central nervous system stimulants.

Definition

Amphetamine Use Disorder is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a pattern of amphetamine-type substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. This is manifested by at least two of the following symptoms occurring within a 12-month period:

• The amphetamines are often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended.
• There is a persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control amphetamine use.
• A great deal of time is spent in activities necessary to obtain the amphetamine, use the amphetamine, or recover from its effects.
• Craving, or a strong desire or urge to use amphetamines.
• Recurrent amphetamine use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home.
• Continued amphetamine use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of amphetamines.
• Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are given up or reduced because of amphetamine use.
• Recurrent amphetamine use in situations in which it is physically hazardous.
• Amphetamine use is continued despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been caused or exacerbated by the substance.
• Tolerance, as defined by either of the following: a) A need for markedly increased amounts of amphetamines to achieve intoxication or desired effect. b) Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of an amphetamine.
• Withdrawal, as manifested by either of the following: a) The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for amphetamines (refer to Criteria A and B of the criteria set for amphetamine withdrawal). b) Amphetamines (or a closely related substance) are taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.

Treatment

Treatment for Amphetamine Use Disorder typically involves a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and other therapeutic interventions. Medications may also be used to manage withdrawal symptoms and prevent relapse.

See Also

• Substance Use Disorder
• Amphetamine
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
• Motivational Interviewing