Amphibian anatomy

Amphibian Anatomy

Amphibian anatomy is a branch of zoology that studies the physical structure of amphibians. It encompasses the study of the different systems of amphibians, including the skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system, circulatory system, respiratory system, and digestive system.

Skeletal System

The skeletal system of amphibians is quite distinct. Amphibians possess a bony skeleton, but unlike mammals, they have a reduced number of bones due to the fusion of certain bones. The amphibian skeleton is divided into two main parts: the axial skeleton (comprising the vertebral column, skull, and rib cage) and the appendicular skeleton (comprising the limbs and limb girdles).

Muscular System

The muscular system in amphibians is responsible for movement and locomotion. The major muscle groups in amphibians include the axial muscles (which assist in swimming and lunging at prey) and the appendicular muscles (which control the movement of the limbs).

Nervous System

The nervous system of amphibians consists of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. It is responsible for controlling the body's functions and responding to changes in the environment.

Circulatory System

Amphibians have a three-chambered heart and a double-loop circulatory system. The circulatory system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.

Respiratory System

The respiratory system of amphibians is unique in that it involves three different organs for gas exchange: the lungs, the skin, and the lining of the mouth. This is due to the amphibians' dual life in water and on land.

Digestive System

The digestive system of amphibians begins with the mouth and ends with the cloaca. It is responsible for the breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients.

See Also

• Amphibian
• Vertebrate anatomy
• Animal anatomy

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