Ampullary cupula

Ampullary cupula is a structure found in the vestibular system of many animals, including humans. It plays a crucial role in the detection of angular acceleration and head position, contributing to the sense of balance and spatial orientation.

Structure

The ampullary cupula is located within the semicircular canals of the inner ear. Each semicircular canal contains an enlarged region known as the ampulla, where the cupula is found. The cupula itself is a gelatinous structure that extends from the crista, a sensory organ, to the roof of the ampulla.

Function

The primary function of the ampullary cupula is to detect changes in head position and movement. It does this by responding to the flow of endolymph, a fluid found within the semicircular canals. When the head moves, the endolymph flows, causing the cupula to bend. This bending stimulates the hair cells in the crista, which then send signals to the brain about the head's movement and position.

Clinical significance

Damage or disorders affecting the ampullary cupula can lead to a range of balance and orientation problems, such as vertigo, dizziness, and nystagmus. These conditions can be caused by a variety of factors, including Meniere's disease, vestibular neuritis, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

See also

• Vestibular system
• Semicircular canals
• Inner ear
• Balance disorder