Anabolics

Anabolics, also known as anabolic steroids or technically as anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), are a class of steroid hormones related to the hormone testosterone. They are synthetic derivatives that promote the growth of skeletal muscle (anabolic effects) and the development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic effects). Anabolics are used in various medical applications but are more widely known for their use in sports and bodybuilding, where they are taken to increase muscle mass and strength.

Medical Uses

Anabolics have legitimate medical uses, including the treatment of chronic wasting conditions such as cancer and AIDS. They are also prescribed for conditions such as delayed puberty in boys, low muscle mass due to diseases like HIV, and other disorders that lead to muscle loss or failure to thrive. In these contexts, anabolics help to promote weight gain and improve strength and physical stamina.

Mechanism of Action

Anabolics work by mimicking the effects of the male hormone testosterone. Testosterone has two main effects on the body: anabolic, promoting muscle growth, and androgenic, developing male sexual characteristics. Anabolics aim to maximize the anabolic effects while minimizing the androgenic effects, although this separation is not entirely possible. They increase protein synthesis within cells, leading to the buildup of cellular tissue (anabolism), especially in muscles. They also have the effect of increasing nitrogen retention, which is critical for muscle growth.

Side Effects

The use of anabolics can lead to a range of side effects, which can be mild or severe, reversible or irreversible. Common side effects include acne, hair loss, increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, liver damage, and changes in cholesterol levels. In males, there can be a reduction in sperm count, testicular shrinkage, and the development of breasts. In females, anabolics can cause a deepening of the voice, increased body hair, and changes in menstrual cycles. Psychological effects, such as aggression and mood swings, are also reported.

Legal and Ethical Issues

The non-medical use of anabolics is illegal in many countries and is banned by most sports organizations due to the potential for unfair advantage and health risks. Despite this, anabolics are widely used in sports and bodybuilding, leading to ongoing debates about ethics, health implications, and the need for stricter regulations and testing.

See Also

• Testosterone
• Steroid hormone
• Muscle hypertrophy
• Performance-enhancing substances