Anal gland

Anal Gland

The anal gland or anal sac is a small gland found near the anus in many mammals, including dogs and cats. They are paired sacs located on either side of the anus between the external and internal sphincter muscles.

Function

The primary function of the anal gland is to secrete a strong-smelling fluid that is used for scent marking. This fluid is typically released during defecation, but can also be expressed manually for medical reasons or by the animal itself when it is frightened or stressed.

Anatomy

The anal glands are lined with multiple sebaceous (oil) and apocrine (sweat) glands. The secretions from these glands are stored in the anal sacs. Each sac is connected to the outside by a small duct that opens just inside the anus.

Health Issues

Anal glands can become impacted, infected, or abscessed. Common signs of anal gland issues include scooting (dragging the rear end along the ground), licking or biting at the rear end, and a foul smell. Treatment for these conditions can include manual expression, antibiotics, or in severe cases, surgery.

In Dogs and Cats

In dogs and cats, anal gland issues are a common reason for a trip to the vet. Some pets may need their anal glands expressed manually on a regular basis to prevent problems. This can often be done by a vet or a professional groomer.

See Also

• Dog health
• Cat health
• Veterinary medicine