Anatomical neck of the humerus

Anatomical Neck of the Humerus

The anatomical neck of the humerus is a significant anatomical feature located at the proximal end of the humerus, which is the long bone in the upper arm. This specific area of the humerus is crucial for its articulation with the scapula (shoulder blade) to form the shoulder joint. The anatomical neck represents a slightly constricted area just below the head of the humerus, separating it from the two tubercles: the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle.

Structure

The anatomical neck of the humerus is a groove that encircles the bone's head. It marks the site of the former epiphyseal plate, which is the growth plate that allows the bone to grow in length during development. In adults, this area serves as a significant attachment point for the joint capsule of the shoulder. The capsule of the shoulder joint is attached medially to the margins of the glenoid cavity beyond the glenoidal labrum and laterally to the anatomical neck of the humerus, except medially where it attaches to the surgical neck of the humerus.

Clinical Significance

Fractures involving the anatomical neck of the humerus are relatively rare but can have significant clinical implications. These fractures can disrupt the blood supply to the head of the humerus, leading to avascular necrosis (death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply). Such injuries require careful management to preserve the function of the shoulder joint.

Differences from the Surgical Neck

It is important to distinguish the anatomical neck from the surgical neck of the humerus, which is located just below the tubercles. The surgical neck is a common site for fractures of the humerus due to its narrow and weaker structure. In contrast, the anatomical neck is less commonly involved in fractures but is of great significance due to its relationship with the shoulder joint's blood supply and stability.

See Also

• Humerus
• Shoulder joint
• Greater tubercle
• Lesser tubercle
• Surgical neck of the humerus

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