Ancrod

Ancrod is a defibrinogenating agent derived from the venom of the Malayan pit viper, Calloselasma rhodostoma. It has been used in medical settings primarily for its anticoagulant properties, which are attributed to its ability to cleave fibrinogen, a key protein involved in blood clotting. This action reduces the levels of fibrinogen in the blood, leading to a decrease in blood viscosity and an improvement in blood flow. Ancrod has been explored as a treatment option for various conditions, including acute ischemic stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and deep vein thrombosis.

Mechanism of Action

Ancrod exerts its anticoagulant effects by specifically cleaving fibrinogen to produce fibrin, which is then rapidly cleared from the circulation. Unlike other anticoagulants that inhibit the clotting cascade at different points, Ancrod directly targets fibrinogen, leading to a reduction in plasma fibrinogen levels. This mechanism not only prevents the formation of new clots but also helps in reducing the size of existing clots.

Clinical Uses

Acute Ischemic Stroke

In the context of acute ischemic stroke, Ancrod has been investigated for its potential to improve outcomes by reducing blood viscosity and enhancing microcirculatory flow. Clinical trials have shown mixed results, and its use in this setting is controversial.

Peripheral Arterial Disease

For patients with peripheral arterial disease, Ancrod therapy has been studied for its ability to improve blood flow and reduce symptoms associated with poor circulation. However, its efficacy and safety profile require further evaluation before it can be widely recommended.

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Ancrod has also been explored as a treatment for deep vein thrombosis. Its ability to decrease fibrinogen levels and reduce clot size makes it a potential therapeutic option, but more research is needed to establish its role in the management of this condition.

Adverse Effects

The use of Ancrod can be associated with several adverse effects, including bleeding complications due to its anticoagulant activity. Other potential side effects include allergic reactions, given its origin from snake venom, and nonspecific symptoms such as nausea and fever.

Current Status

The therapeutic use of Ancrod has been limited by the variability in clinical trial results and concerns regarding its safety profile. It is not widely available and is considered an alternative or adjunct to more established anticoagulant therapies.

See Also

• Anticoagulant
• Fibrinogen
• Ischemic Stroke
• Peripheral Arterial Disease
• Deep Vein Thrombosis