Ancylostoma braziliensis

Ancylostoma braziliensis is a species of parasitic hookworm that primarily affects cats and dogs. It is also known to cause a skin infection in humans known as cutaneous larva migrans (CLM), commonly referred to as "creeping eruption." This condition is characterized by severe itching and serpiginous (snake-like) tracks on the skin which are actually the migration trails of the larvae. Ancylostoma braziliensis is found in various parts of the world, particularly in warm, moist climates.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Ancylostoma braziliensis involves several stages, starting from the egg stage, progressing to the larval stages (L1, L2, and infective L3), and finally to the adult stage. The eggs are excreted in the feces of an infected host. Under favorable environmental conditions, the eggs hatch into first-stage larvae (L1), which then develop into second-stage larvae (L2). The L2 larvae molt into the third-stage larvae (L3), which are the infective form. These infective larvae can penetrate the skin of a new host, migrating to the small intestine where they mature into adults and complete their life cycle.

Transmission

Transmission of Ancylostoma braziliensis occurs when infective L3 larvae present in the environment penetrate the skin of a host. This can happen through direct contact with contaminated soil or sand, making the infection common among pets that spend time outdoors and individuals walking barefoot on contaminated surfaces.

Symptoms and Treatment

In pets, Ancylostoma braziliensis can cause anemia, weight loss, and diarrhea. In humans, the primary symptom is cutaneous larva migrans, which, while not life-threatening, can be extremely uncomfortable due to intense itching and discomfort.

Treatment for CLM involves antiparasitic medications, such as albendazole or ivermectin, which are effective in eliminating the larvae. Preventive measures include wearing protective footwear when walking on potentially contaminated soil or sand and ensuring pets are regularly treated for parasites.

Prevention

Preventive measures against Ancylostoma braziliensis include avoiding direct contact with potentially contaminated soil or sand, using protective footwear outdoors, and maintaining good hygiene practices for pets, including regular deworming.