Tick-borne diseases

Infobox Disease
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	G71.2
ICD-9	359.0
OMIM	161800 256030 605355
DiseasesDB	31991 33448 33447
eMedicine	neuro/76 neuro/230
MeSH	D001321, D015518, D015518
GeneReviews	FBLN5-Related Cutis Laxa ATP6V0A2-Related CL

Tick-borne diseases are illnesses transmitted by ticks, parasitic arachnids commonly found in wooded areas, grasslands, and urban environments. These diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites transmitted through the bite of an infected tick. Tick-borne diseases can pose significant health risks to humans and animals worldwide.

Types of Tick-borne Diseases

Lyme Disease

Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted primarily by the Ixodes genus of ticks. It is characterized by fever, headache, fatigue, and a distinctive skin rash known as erythema migrans. If left untreated, Lyme disease can spread to joints, the heart, and the nervous system.

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii and is transmitted by various species of ticks, including the American dog tick and the Rocky Mountain wood tick. Symptoms include fever, headache, rash, and in severe cases, organ failure.

Ehrlichiosis

Ehrlichiosis is a bacterial illness caused by species of the genus Ehrlichia. It is transmitted to humans primarily by the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum). Symptoms may include fever, headache, muscle aches, and confusion.

Babesiosis

Babesiosis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Babesia and is transmitted by the bite of infected ticks, particularly the deer tick (Ixodes scapularis). Symptoms can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe and life-threatening complications, especially in immunocompromised individuals.

Prevention and Control

Preventing tick bites is the most effective way to avoid tick-borne diseases. Strategies for prevention include:

• Using insect repellents containing DEET
• Wearing long sleeves and pants when in tick-infested areas
• Performing regular tick checks after outdoor activities
• Avoiding areas with high grass and leaf litter
• Treating clothing and outdoor gear with permethrin

Treatment

Treatment for tick-borne diseases varies depending on the specific illness but often includes antibiotics, antivirals, or supportive care to manage symptoms. Early detection and prompt treatment are essential to prevent complications.

See Also

• Vector-borne disease
• Zoonotic disease

Tick-borne diseases Resources
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