Andrew Conway Ivy

American physiologist and medical researcher

Andrew Conway Ivy (February 25, 1893 – February 7, 1978) was a prominent American physiologist and medical researcher. He is best known for his role as an expert witness in the Doctors' Trial at Nuremberg, where he testified on medical ethics and the conduct of Nazi human experimentation.

Early life and education

Andrew Conway Ivy was born in Farmersville, Texas, in 1893. He pursued his undergraduate studies at the University of Chicago, where he developed a keen interest in the biological sciences. Ivy continued his education at the Rush Medical College, earning his medical degree in 1922. His early academic career was marked by a focus on physiology, particularly in the areas of gastroenterology and neurophysiology.

Academic career

Ivy began his academic career at the University of Chicago, where he quickly rose through the ranks to become a full professor. His research during this period focused on the physiological processes of the digestive system, and he made significant contributions to the understanding of gastric secretion and intestinal motility.

In 1941, Ivy was appointed as the Vice President of the University of Illinois, where he also served as the head of the Department of Clinical Science. His leadership and research were instrumental in advancing the university's medical programs.

World War II and the Nuremberg Trials

During World War II, Ivy served as a consultant to the U.S. Army on medical research. His work included studies on the effects of high-altitude flying on human physiology and the development of treatments for shock.

Dr. Andrew C. Ivy testifies as an expert witness in the Doctors' Trial

After the war, Ivy was appointed as the American Medical Association's representative at the Doctors' Trial in Nuremberg. His testimony was crucial in establishing the ethical standards for human experimentation, which later influenced the development of the Nuremberg Code. Ivy's involvement in the trials highlighted his commitment to medical ethics and the protection of human subjects in research.

Later career and research

Following his involvement in the Nuremberg Trials, Ivy continued his research and teaching. He became a vocal advocate for ethical standards in medical research and was involved in various initiatives to promote medical ethics.

Ivy's later research included studies on cancer treatment, particularly the controversial use of krebiozen, a substance he believed had potential as a cancer therapy. Despite the controversy, Ivy remained a respected figure in the medical community for his contributions to physiology and medical ethics.

Legacy

Andrew Conway Ivy's legacy is marked by his pioneering work in physiology and his steadfast commitment to medical ethics. His role in the Nuremberg Trials helped shape the ethical guidelines that govern human experimentation today. Ivy's contributions to medical science and ethics continue to be recognized and respected in the field.

Related pages

• Nuremberg Code
• Doctors' Trial
• Medical ethics
• Physiology