Andrographis paniculata
Andrographis paniculata[edit | edit source]
Andrographis paniculata in Narshapur forest
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Andrographis paniculata[edit | edit source]
Andrographis paniculata is a herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka. It is widely cultivated in South Asia and Southeast Asia for its purported medicinal properties. The plant is known for its bitter taste and is commonly referred to as "King of Bitters."
Description[edit | edit source]
Andrographis paniculata is an erect annual herb that can grow up to 30–110 cm in height. The leaves are simple, opposite, and lanceolate, measuring 2–12 cm in length and 1–3 cm in width. The plant produces small white flowers with rose-purple spots, which are arranged in terminal or axillary racemes.
Chemical Constituents[edit | edit source]
The primary active constituents of Andrographis paniculata are diterpenoid lactones, including andrographolide, neoandrographolide, and deoxyandrographolide. These compounds are believed to contribute to the plant's pharmacological effects.
Traditional Uses[edit | edit source]
In traditional Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine systems, Andrographis paniculata has been used to treat a variety of ailments, including fever, sore throat, and infections. It is also used as a general tonic to improve overall health.
Pharmacological Effects[edit | edit source]
Andrographis paniculata is reputed to have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immune-boosting properties. Studies have suggested that it may be effective in reducing the severity and duration of symptoms associated with the common cold and influenza.
Cultivation[edit | edit source]
The plant thrives in tropical and subtropical climates and is typically grown in well-drained soil with adequate sunlight. It is propagated by seeds, which are sown directly into the soil or in seedbeds before transplanting.
Safety and Side Effects[edit | edit source]
While generally considered safe when used appropriately, Andrographis paniculata may cause side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, allergic reactions, and fatigue. It is advised to consult a healthcare professional before using it, especially for pregnant or breastfeeding women.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
