Anemia, hypochromic

A type of anemia characterized by red blood cells that are paler than normal

Hypochromic anemia
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Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Fatigue, weakness, pale skin
Complications	Heart problems, pregnancy complications
Onset
Duration
Types	N/A
Causes	Iron deficiency, Thalassemia, Chronic disease
Risks	Poor diet, chronic blood loss
Diagnosis	Complete blood count, Blood smear
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Iron supplements, treating underlying cause
Medication
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency
Deaths

Hypochromic anemia is a type of anemia characterized by red blood cells that are paler than normal. This condition is often associated with microcytic anemia, where the red blood cells are also smaller than normal. The term "hypochromic" refers to the reduced hemoglobin content in the red blood cells, which gives them a paler appearance under a microscope.

Causes

Hypochromic anemia is most commonly caused by iron deficiency anemia, which occurs when there is insufficient iron to produce hemoglobin. Other causes include:

• Thalassemia: A genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin production.
• Chronic disease: Conditions such as chronic kidney disease or chronic inflammatory diseases can lead to anemia of chronic disease, which may present as hypochromic.
• Lead poisoning: Interferes with hemoglobin synthesis.

Symptoms

The symptoms of hypochromic anemia are similar to those of other types of anemia and may include:

• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Pale or yellowish skin
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Cold hands and feet

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of hypochromic anemia typically involves a complete blood count (CBC) to assess the size and hemoglobin content of red blood cells. A blood smear may also be performed to visually inspect the red blood cells. Additional tests may include:

• Serum iron and ferritin levels
• Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)
• Hemoglobin electrophoresis (for thalassemia)

Treatment

Treatment of hypochromic anemia depends on the underlying cause:

• Iron deficiency anemia: Treated with oral iron supplements and dietary changes to increase iron intake.
• Thalassemia: Management may include regular blood transfusions and chelation therapy to remove excess iron.
• Anemia of chronic disease: Focuses on treating the underlying condition.

Prognosis

The prognosis for hypochromic anemia varies depending on the cause. Iron deficiency anemia generally responds well to treatment, while genetic conditions like thalassemia require ongoing management.

Prevention

Preventive measures include maintaining a balanced diet rich in iron, regular medical check-ups, and managing chronic conditions effectively.

Also see

• Anemia
• Iron deficiency anemia
• Thalassemia
• Microcytic anemia
• Complete blood count