Animist

Animism is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence. Potentially, animism perceives all things—animals, plants, rocks, rivers, weather systems, human handiwork, and perhaps even words—as animated and alive. Animism is used in the anthropology of religion as a term for the belief system of many indigenous peoples, especially in contrast to the relatively more recent development of organized religions.

Etymology

The term "animism" is derived from the Latin word anima, meaning "breath", "spirit", or "life". It was first coined by the anthropologist Edward Burnett Tylor in his 1871 book Primitive Culture.

Beliefs

Animist beliefs are diverse and vary widely among different cultures. However, common themes include the belief in spiritual beings or spirits, the idea that these spirits can influence human affairs, and the practice of rituals to communicate with or appease these spirits.

Spirits and Souls

In animist thought, spirits are often seen as inhabiting natural objects and phenomena. For example, a tree might be believed to have a spirit, as might a river or a mountain. These spirits are often thought to have personalities and to interact with humans in various ways.

Rituals and Practices

Rituals in animist cultures are often aimed at communicating with or appeasing spirits. These rituals can include offerings, prayers, dances, and other forms of worship. In some cultures, shamans or other religious specialists are believed to have the ability to communicate directly with spirits.

Cultural Significance

Animism is a foundational element in many indigenous cultures around the world. It often plays a central role in the cultural practices, social structures, and worldviews of these societies.

Indigenous Cultures

Many indigenous cultures in Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Oceania have animist belief systems. For example, the San people of southern Africa, the Ainu people of Japan, and the Aboriginal Australians all have animist traditions.

Modern Influence

While animism is often associated with pre-modern or "primitive" societies, it continues to influence modern spiritual practices. Some contemporary Neopagan and New Age movements incorporate animist beliefs and practices.

Related Concepts

Animism is related to several other concepts in the study of religion and anthropology, including totemism, shamanism, and polytheism.

See Also

• Shamanism
• Totemism
• Polytheism
• Indigenous religion
• Spirituality
• Edward Burnett Tylor
• Primitive Culture