Ankyloblepharon

Ankyloblepharon is a medical condition characterized by the partial or complete fusion of the eyelids to each other. This condition can be congenital or acquired and may affect one or both eyes.

Classification

Ankyloblepharon can be classified into two main types:

• Congenital Ankyloblepharon: This type is present at birth and is often associated with other congenital anomalies.
• Acquired Ankyloblepharon: This type develops later in life due to trauma, infection, or inflammatory diseases.

Causes

The causes of ankyloblepharon can vary depending on whether it is congenital or acquired:

• Congenital Causes: Genetic mutations, developmental anomalies, and syndromes such as Ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate (AEC) syndrome.
• Acquired Causes: Trauma to the eyelids, severe conjunctivitis, burns, and certain inflammatory conditions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of ankyloblepharon is the fusion of the eyelids, which can lead to:

• Impaired vision
• Difficulty in opening the eyes
• Discomfort or pain
• Increased risk of eye infections

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ankyloblepharon is typically made through a clinical examination by an ophthalmologist. Additional tests may include:

• Slit-lamp examination
• Ocular ultrasound
• Genetic testing (for congenital cases)

Treatment

Treatment for ankyloblepharon depends on the severity and underlying cause:

• Surgical Intervention: Separation of the fused eyelids through a surgical procedure.
• Medical Management: Use of antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications if the condition is due to an infection or inflammation.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with ankyloblepharon varies. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can lead to a good outcome, although some cases may require ongoing management to prevent recurrence.

See Also

• Eyelid
• Conjunctivitis
• Stevens-Johnson syndrome
• Ophthalmology