Anopheles funestus
Species of mosquito
Anopheles funestus is a species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles. It is one of the primary vectors of malaria in Africa. This species is known for its role in the transmission of the Plasmodium parasites, which cause malaria in humans.
Description[edit | edit source]
Anopheles funestus is a member of the Anopheles genus, which is characterized by its long proboscis and palps. The adult mosquitoes are typically brown with pale spots on their wings. They are similar in appearance to other members of the Anopheles genus, making identification challenging without genetic analysis.
Habitat[edit | edit source]
Anopheles funestus is commonly found in sub-Saharan Africa, where it inhabits areas with permanent or semi-permanent bodies of water. These mosquitoes prefer to breed in clean, sunlit water bodies such as ponds, marshes, and slow-moving streams. The larvae develop in these aquatic environments before emerging as adults.
Behavior[edit | edit source]
Anopheles funestus is primarily a nocturnal feeder, with peak biting activity occurring during the night. It is an endophilic species, meaning it tends to rest indoors after feeding. This behavior increases the risk of malaria transmission to humans, as the mosquitoes are more likely to come into contact with people inside their homes.
Role in Malaria Transmission[edit | edit source]
Anopheles funestus is a major vector of malaria due to its preference for human blood and its ability to carry the Plasmodium falciparum parasite. The mosquito becomes infected with the parasite when it feeds on an infected human. The parasite then develops within the mosquito and is transmitted to another human host during subsequent blood meals.
Control Measures[edit | edit source]
Efforts to control Anopheles funestus populations focus on reducing mosquito breeding sites and using insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) to protect people from bites. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticides is also employed to kill mosquitoes resting inside homes. However, resistance to insecticides is a growing concern, necessitating the development of new control strategies.
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