Anorectal canal

Anorectal Canal

The Anorectal Canal is a significant part of the human digestive system, serving as the final pathway for the expulsion of feces from the body. It is located in the pelvic region, extending from the rectum to the anus.

Anatomy

The anorectal canal is approximately 3-4 cm long in adults and is lined by a mucous membrane. It is surrounded by two concentric layers of muscle: the inner layer, known as the internal anal sphincter, and the outer layer, known as the external anal sphincter. These muscles play a crucial role in the control of defecation.

Physiology

The anorectal canal plays a vital role in the process of defecation. The internal anal sphincter is usually in a state of constant contraction, keeping the canal closed. When the rectum is filled with feces, the pressure causes the sphincter to relax, allowing the feces to enter the canal. The external anal sphincter then contracts to prevent the feces from being expelled until it is convenient.

Pathology

Various diseases and conditions can affect the anorectal canal. These include hemorrhoids, anal fissures, anal abscesses, and anal cancer. These conditions can cause symptoms such as pain, bleeding, itching, and difficulty in defecating.

Treatment

Treatment of conditions affecting the anorectal canal depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatments may include dietary changes, medications, and in some cases, surgery.

See Also

• Digestive system
• Rectum
• Anus
• Anal sphincter