Anterior compartment syndrome

A condition characterized by increased pressure within a muscle compartment of the body

Anterior compartment syndrome is a condition that occurs when there is increased pressure within the anterior compartment of the leg. This condition can lead to muscle and nerve damage and problems with blood flow.

Pathophysiology

The anterior compartment of the leg contains muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. It is bounded by the tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane, and a thick layer of fascia. When pressure within this compartment increases, it can compromise circulation and function of the tissues within the compartment. This is often due to bleeding or swelling after an injury.

Causes

Anterior compartment syndrome can be caused by:

• Trauma to the leg, such as a fracture or severe contusion
• Overuse injuries, particularly in athletes
• Tight bandages or casts
• Burns
• Snake bites

Symptoms

Symptoms of anterior compartment syndrome include:

• Severe pain in the leg, especially when stretching the muscles
• Swelling and tightness in the leg
• Numbness or tingling in the foot
• Weakness in the foot or toes

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically based on clinical examination and measurement of intracompartmental pressures. A pressure of more than 30 mmHg is often used as a threshold for diagnosis.

Treatment

The primary treatment for anterior compartment syndrome is surgical intervention, known as fasciotomy. This procedure involves cutting open the fascia to relieve pressure. In some cases, conservative management may be attempted if the condition is mild.

Prognosis

If treated promptly, the prognosis for anterior compartment syndrome is generally good. However, if treatment is delayed, it can lead to permanent muscle and nerve damage.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Proper training and conditioning for athletes
• Avoiding tight bandages or casts
• Monitoring for symptoms after leg injuries

Related pages

• Compartment syndrome
• Fasciotomy
• Muscle
• Nerve