Compartment syndrome

Compartment syndrome is a serious condition that involves increased pressure in a muscle compartment. It can lead to muscle and nerve damage and problems with blood flow.

Causes

Compartment syndrome can be caused by a traumatic injury such as a fracture or crush injury, anabolic steroid use, or a bandage or cast that is too tight. The pressure within a compartment can be increased by bleeding or swelling after an injury.

Symptoms

The symptoms of compartment syndrome can include intense pain that doesn't go away when you're at rest or pain that seems greater than you'd expect from the injury itself. Other symptoms can include decreased sensation, numbness and tingling, and difficulty moving the affected area.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of compartment syndrome is often based on the patient's medical history and physical examination. If the diagnosis is unclear, a doctor may measure the pressure within the muscle compartment using a special needle and gauge.

Treatment

The treatment for compartment syndrome is surgery to reduce the pressure within the muscle compartment. This is known as a fasciotomy. In some cases, physical therapy may be needed after surgery to help regain strength and mobility.

Prognosis

If left untreated, compartment syndrome can lead to severe and permanent damage. Muscle and nerve cells can die, leading to permanent disability. However, with prompt diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for compartment syndrome is generally good.

See also

• Fasciotomy
• Crush injury
• Rhabdomyolysis