Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program

AVIP-5-4-2005-front

Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program (AVIP) is a United States Department of Defense initiative aimed at immunizing its military personnel against the anthrax bacterial infection. The program was established in response to the growing threat of biological warfare and bioterrorism, with anthrax identified as a potential agent due to its lethality and the ease with which it can be disseminated.

Background

Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, and can infect humans in three forms: cutaneous, inhalation, and gastrointestinal. Inhalation anthrax, the form most likely to be used in a biological weapon, is particularly deadly. The Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA) is the only vaccine licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prevention against anthrax infection.

Implementation

The AVIP was officially launched in 1998, targeting military personnel who were at the highest risk of exposure to anthrax. These included units designated for rapid deployment to areas where the threat of biological warfare was considered high, as well as troops stationed in South Korea and the Middle East.

Controversy

The program has been the subject of controversy, primarily due to concerns over the vaccine's safety and efficacy. Some service members reported adverse effects after receiving the vaccine, leading to a series of legal challenges and Congressional hearings. Despite these concerns, the Department of Defense has maintained that the vaccine is safe, citing studies that support its efficacy in preventing anthrax infection.

Current Status

Over the years, the AVIP has undergone several modifications in terms of the population targeted and the dosing schedule. The program continues to be a critical component of the military's efforts to protect its personnel from biological threats, with ongoing research aimed at improving the vaccine's safety and effectiveness.

See Also

• Biological Warfare
• Bacillus anthracis
• Vaccine
• Bioterrorism