Anthrax vaccine

Anthrax Vaccine is a vaccine developed for the prevention of anthrax, a severe and potentially fatal bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis. The vaccine, known as Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA), is the only anthrax vaccine licensed for use in humans by the FDA in the United States.

History

The development of the anthrax vaccine began in the 1950s, with the first version of the vaccine, known as the Cutter vaccine, being licensed in 1970. The current version of the vaccine, AVA, was licensed by the FDA in 1970.

Composition

The anthrax vaccine is composed of an adsorbed form of protective antigen (PA), a key component of the anthrax toxin, derived from an avirulent, nonencapsulated strain of Bacillus anthracis. The vaccine does not contain live bacteria and cannot cause anthrax.

Efficacy

The anthrax vaccine is highly effective in preventing anthrax. It is estimated to be 92.5% effective in preventing inhalation anthrax, the most deadly form of the disease.

Administration

The anthrax vaccine is administered in a series of five intramuscular injections given at 0, 1, 6, 12, and 18 months, followed by annual boosters.

Side Effects

Common side effects of the anthrax vaccine include pain and swelling at the injection site, muscle aches, fatigue, and headache. Serious side effects are rare.

Use in the Military

The anthrax vaccine is mandatory for all U.S. military personnel who are deployed to areas where the risk of exposure to anthrax is high.

Controversies

There have been controversies surrounding the anthrax vaccine, particularly in relation to its mandatory use in the military. Some service members have refused the vaccine due to concerns about its safety and efficacy.

See Also

• Vaccine
• Anthrax
• Bacillus anthracis
• Biological warfare