Antileukotriene agent

Antileukotriene Agent

An antileukotriene agent is a type of medication that functions as a leukotriene receptor antagonist or leukotriene synthesis inhibitor. These agents are primarily used in the management of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators produced in the body that play a key role in the pathophysiology of asthma and allergic reactions.

Mechanism of Action

Antileukotriene agents work by blocking the effects of leukotrienes, which are chemicals the body releases after coming into contact with an allergen or irritant. Leukotrienes cause tightening of airway muscles and the production of excess mucus and fluid. By inhibiting these effects, antileukotriene agents help to reduce inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production in the airways.

There are two main types of antileukotriene agents:

• Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRAs): These drugs block the leukotriene receptors on cells, preventing leukotrienes from exerting their effects. Examples include montelukast and zafirlukast.

• Leukotriene Synthesis Inhibitors: These drugs inhibit the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, which is responsible for the synthesis of leukotrienes. An example is zileuton.

Clinical Uses

Antileukotriene agents are primarily used in the treatment of:

• Asthma: They are used as a maintenance therapy to prevent asthma symptoms and attacks. They are particularly useful in patients with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and aspirin-sensitive asthma.

• Allergic Rhinitis: These agents help in reducing nasal congestion, sneezing, and runny nose associated with allergies.

Side Effects

Common side effects of antileukotriene agents may include:

• Headache
• Dizziness
• Abdominal pain
• Cough

Rarely, they may cause mood changes or suicidal thoughts, particularly in children and adolescents.

Also see

• Asthma
• Allergic Rhinitis
• Montelukast
• Zafirlukast
• Zileuton