Apex predator

Apex predator is a term used in the field of ecology to describe a predator residing at the top of a food chain upon which no other creatures prey. Apex predators are usually defined in terms of trophic dynamics, meaning they occupy the highest trophic levels. They play a crucial role in maintaining the health of their ecosystems.

Characteristics

Apex predators are typically large and highly skilled hunters. They have few predators of their own, residing at the top of their food chain. Examples include the lion, great white shark, and bald eagle. However, size is not a definitive factor. For instance, the honey badger, despite its small size, is often considered an apex predator because it has few natural predators and a diverse diet.

Role in the Ecosystem

Apex predators have a significant impact on their ecosystems. Through a phenomenon known as the trophic cascade, they control the population of the species they prey on, which in turn affects the lower levels of the food chain. This can lead to increased biodiversity.

Human Impact

Humans have a complex relationship with apex predators. They are often seen as threats, leading to large-scale hunting or poaching. This can disrupt the balance of ecosystems, leading to a decrease in biodiversity and the overpopulation of certain species. On the other hand, apex predators are often the focus of conservation efforts due to their importance in maintaining ecosystem health.

See Also

• Predation
• Food web
• Trophic level
• Biodiversity
• Conservation biology