Lion

Lion waiting in Namibia

Two cladograms for Panthera

Lion subspecies distribution3

Panthera Atrox

Cave lion range

Asiatic lion 01

Lion (Panthera leo) is one of the large cats in the genus Panthera and a member of the family Felidae. Commonly referred to as the "king of the jungle," the lion has been a symbol of strength and courage for thousands of years. Despite their nickname, lions primarily live in the grasslands and savannas of Africa, with a small population residing in Gir Forest National Park in India. This article provides an overview of the lion, including its characteristics, behavior, and conservation status.

Characteristics

Lions are the second-largest cats after the tiger, with some males exceeding 250 kg (550 lb) in weight. They exhibit sexual dimorphism; males are distinguishable by their prominent mane, which is absent in females. The mane's color and size vary and are thought to signal the male's fitness to females. Lions have a muscular, deep-chested body, short rounded head, round ears, and a hairy tuft at the end of their tail.

Behavior

Lions are apex predators, although they scavenge when opportunities occur. They typically inhabit savanna and grassland, although they may take to bush and forest. Lions are unusually social compared to other cats. A pride of lions consists of related females and offspring and a small number of adult males. Groups of female lions typically hunt together, preying mostly on large ungulates.

Reproduction and Lifecycle

Female lions reach sexual maturity at about four years of age and males at about five years. The gestation period is about 110 days, and litters can be from one to six cubs. Cubs are born blind and do not open their eyes until approximately a week after birth. They are weaned at about six months of age but remain with their mothers for at least two years.

Conservation Status

The lion is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List due to habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and poaching. The African lion population is estimated to be between 20,000 and 25,000 and is declining. The Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica), a subspecies that resides in India, is listed as Endangered, with only about 523 individuals remaining in the wild.

Cultural Significance

Lions have been celebrated throughout history for their courage and strength. They are featured in folklore, religion, and mythology across various cultures, including ancient Egypt, where the lioness was regarded as a war deity. The lion continues to be a popular symbol in modern culture, representing authority, dignity, and pride.

See Also

• Tiger
• Leopard
• Jaguar
• Cheetah