Apnoeic
Apnoeic
Apnoeic is a term used in the medical field to describe a state or condition related to apnea, which is the temporary cessation of breathing. This condition can occur in various contexts, such as during sleep, in response to certain medical conditions, or as a result of drug use. Understanding apnoeic conditions is crucial for medical professionals, particularly those specializing in respiratory medicine, sleep medicine, and critical care.
Types of Apnoeic Conditions[edit | edit source]
Apnoeic conditions can be classified into several types based on their causes and characteristics:
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)[edit | edit source]
Obstructive Sleep Apnea is a common form of sleep apnea characterized by repeated episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. This leads to reduced or completely stopped airflow despite ongoing respiratory effort.
Central Sleep Apnea (CSA)[edit | edit source]
Central Sleep Apnea occurs when the brain fails to send appropriate signals to the muscles that control breathing. Unlike OSA, there is no physical blockage of the airway.
Mixed Sleep Apnea[edit | edit source]
Mixed sleep apnea is a combination of both obstructive and central sleep apnea events. Patients with mixed sleep apnea experience episodes of both airway obstruction and central apnea.
Apnea of Prematurity[edit | edit source]
Apnea of Prematurity is a condition seen in premature infants, characterized by pauses in breathing due to the immaturity of the central respiratory control system.
Causes of Apnoeic Episodes[edit | edit source]
Apnoeic episodes can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Neurological Disorders: Conditions affecting the brainstem or other parts of the central nervous system can lead to central apnea.
- Obesity: Excess body weight can contribute to obstructive sleep apnea by increasing the amount of tissue around the airway.
- Medications and Substances: Certain drugs, such as opioids, can depress the respiratory system and lead to apnoeic episodes.
- Congenital Conditions: Some congenital conditions can predispose individuals to apnea, such as congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
The diagnosis of apnoeic conditions typically involves:
- Polysomnography: A comprehensive sleep study that records brain waves, blood oxygen levels, heart rate, and breathing during sleep.
- Home Sleep Apnea Testing (HSAT): A simplified version of polysomnography that can be conducted at home.
- Clinical Evaluation: A thorough medical history and physical examination to identify potential risk factors and symptoms.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for apnoeic conditions depends on the underlying cause and may include:
- Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): A common treatment for obstructive sleep apnea that uses mild air pressure to keep the airways open.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Weight loss, positional therapy, and avoidance of alcohol and sedatives can help reduce apnoeic episodes.
- Surgical Interventions: Procedures such as uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) or maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) may be considered for severe cases of obstructive sleep apnea.
- Medications: In some cases, medications may be used to stimulate breathing or address underlying conditions.
Also see[edit | edit source]
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Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD