Apodiformes

Parargornis messelensis

Apodiformes is an order of birds that is characterized by its small to medium size, swift flight, and a predominantly nectarivorous or insectivorous diet. This order includes some of the smallest birds in the world, such as the hummingbirds, as well as the swifts and tree swifts. The name "Apodiformes" derives from Greek, meaning "footless," which is a misnomer as these birds do have feet, though they are small and not well adapted for walking.

Characteristics

Members of the Apodiformes order are known for their exceptional flying abilities. They have long, narrow wings that allow for rapid and agile flight. The hummingbirds, in particular, are capable of hovering in mid-air by rapidly flapping their wings 12-80 times per second. This unique ability allows them to feed on nectar from flowers while remaining stationary in the air.

Taxonomy and Evolution

The Apodiformes order is divided into three families:

• Trochilidae (hummingbirds): Known for their vibrant colors and ability to hover. They are found exclusively in the Americas.
• Apodidae (swifts): These birds have a more cosmopolitan distribution and are known for their swift flight. They often spend most of their lives in the air, feeding and even sleeping while flying.
• Hemiprocnidae (tree swifts): Found in Southeast Asia, they resemble the true swifts but have crests and longer tails.

Fossil records and molecular data suggest that the Apodiformes order diverged from the rest of the bird lineage in the early Cenozoic Era. The hummingbirds, in particular, are believed to have evolved in South America, where the greatest diversity of species is found today.

Habitat and Distribution

Apodiformes are found worldwide, from the tropical rainforests of South America to the temperate regions of Europe and Asia. Their habitat preferences vary widely, from dense forests to open skies above cities and towns. The adaptability of species like the swifts to urban environments has allowed them to thrive in close proximity to humans.

Diet

The diet of Apodiformes primarily consists of nectar and insects. Hummingbirds are specially adapted to feed on nectar with their long, specialized beaks and tongues, which allow them to reach into flowers. Swifts and tree swifts catch insects in flight with their wide mouths.

Conservation

While many species of Apodiformes are abundant and widespread, some are threatened by habitat loss, climate change, and other environmental pressures. Conservation efforts are in place for several species, focusing on habitat preservation and the protection of nesting sites.

See Also

• Bird migration
• Ornithology
• List of birds