Apophthegm

Apophthegm is a concise saying or maxim; an aphorism or a brief, pithy, and often paradoxical statement that is considered to have deep or profound meaning. The term is derived from the Greek word apophthegma, which means a terse, pointed saying or a clearly expressed thought. Apophthegms are notable for their sharp wit or insightful nature, often used to convey truths about human behavior in a memorable way.

Etymology

The word apophthegm comes from the Greek apophthegma, which is derived from apo (away from) and phthengesthai (to speak), indicating a saying that has been spoken forth or pronounced clearly. The term has been used in English literature since the early 17th century.

Characteristics

Apophthegms are similar to proverbs, but are generally more personal in nature and often attributed to a specific individual. Unlike proverbs, which are traditional sayings passed down through generations, apophthegms are usually associated with particular historical figures, such as philosophers, political leaders, or literary characters.

Comparison with Other Forms

• Aphorism: While both aphorisms and apophthegms are brief and meaningful, aphorisms are more likely to be philosophical generalizations, whereas apophthegms are often more anecdotal or specific in context.
• Proverb: Proverbs are traditional sayings that express common truths or practical precepts, often metaphorical and without a specific attribution.
• Maxim: Maxims are similar to apophthegms but are more prescriptive, offering advice or rules to live by.

Historical Usage

Historically, apophthegms were popular during the Renaissance and were often used in literature and rhetoric as tools for instruction and moral guidance. Notable collections of apophthegms include those by classical authors like Plutarch and Erasmus, who gathered sayings from ancient Greek and Roman figures.

Modern Relevance

In contemporary times, apophthegms continue to be used in various forms of writing and speech, particularly in motivational speeches and philosophical discussions. They are valued for their ability to encapsulate complex ideas in a few words, making them easy to remember and repeat.

Examples

1. "Know thyself" – traditionally attributed to various ancient Greek sages. 2. "Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely." – Lord Acton. 3. "I think, therefore I am." – René Descartes.

See Also

• Wit
• Rhetoric
• Literature

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