Apostles in the New Testament

The Last Supper - Leonardo Da Vinci - High Resolution 32x16

Rom, Domitilla-Katakomben, Fresko "Christus und die 12 Apostel" und Christussymbol "Chi Rho" 1

Synaxis of the Twelve Apostles by Constantinople master (early 14th c., Pushkin museum)

Ghirlandaio, Domenico - Calling of the Apostles - 1481

Brooklyn Museum - The Exhortation to the Apostles (Recommandation aux apôtres) - James Tissot

De zielenvisserij - Fishing for souls (Adriaen Pietersz. van de Venne)

Apostles in the New Testament refer to the primary disciples of Jesus during his ministry. According to the New Testament, the term apostle is derived from the Greek word apostolos which means "one who is sent away" or a messenger. The apostles were chosen by Jesus to spread his teachings and to witness his resurrection. The most detailed accounts of the apostles can be found in the Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles.

Selection of the Apostles

Jesus selected twelve apostles to symbolize the twelve tribes of Israel. This selection is significant in the context of his mission to reform and renew Israel. The names of the twelve apostles are listed in the Gospel of Matthew (10:2-4), the Gospel of Mark (3:16-19), the Gospel of Luke (6:13-16), and the Acts of the Apostles (1:13). They include Peter, James son of Zebedee, John son of Zebedee, Andrew, Philip, Bartholomew, Matthew, Thomas, James son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus, Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, who was later replaced by Matthias after his betrayal of Jesus.

Role and Mission

The apostles were given the authority to perform miracles, heal the sick, and were sent to proclaim the kingdom of God. Their mission was not only limited to the Jews but was extended to all nations, which laid the foundation for the spread of Christianity. After the resurrection of Jesus, the apostles received the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost, empowering them for their mission.

Writings and Contributions

Several of the apostles are attributed with the authorship of New Testament books. Peter is associated with the First and Second Epistles of Peter. John is credited with the Gospel of John, three epistles, and the Book of Revelation. Matthew is traditionally regarded as the author of the Gospel of Matthew. Paul, though not one of the original twelve, is considered an apostle due to his significant contribution to the New Testament and his missionary journeys to spread the gospel. He authored many of the epistles that form a crucial part of the New Testament.

Theological Significance

The apostles hold a significant place in Christian theology as the chosen witnesses of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection. They are considered the foundation of the Church, with Jesus himself being the cornerstone. The teachings and actions of the apostles, as recorded in the New Testament, continue to be a primary source for Christian doctrine and practice.

Legacy

The legacy of the apostles extends beyond the New Testament into the history of the early Christian Church. Their missionary work laid the groundwork for the establishment of Christian communities across the Roman Empire and beyond. The apostles are venerated as saints in various Christian traditions, and their lives and teachings continue to inspire Christians around the world.