Apud cells

Apud cells are a group of cells identified by their ability to synthesize and secrete amines and peptides that have hormone-like effects. The term "APUD" is an acronym for "amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation", which describes the common features of these cells. They are found in various organs throughout the body, including the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the thyroid gland.

History

The concept of the APUD cell system was first proposed by Pearse in 1969. He suggested that a wide variety of cells, which had previously been classified separately, could be understood as a single system due to their common features. This was a significant development in the field of endocrinology and has influenced subsequent research in this area.

Characteristics

Apud cells are characterized by their ability to take up amine precursors from the blood, convert them into amines and peptides, and then secrete these substances into the blood. This process is known as decarboxylation. The amines and peptides produced by APUD cells have hormone-like effects, which means they can influence the function of other cells and tissues in the body.

Distribution

Apud cells are found in various organs throughout the body. They are particularly abundant in the gastrointestinal tract, where they play a key role in regulating digestion. They are also found in the pancreas, where they are involved in the regulation of blood sugar levels, and in the thyroid gland, where they contribute to the control of metabolism.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the function of APUD cells can lead to a variety of medical conditions. For example, tumors of APUD cells, known as neuroendocrine tumors, can cause a range of symptoms depending on the type of cell affected and the hormones it produces. These tumors can be benign or malignant and can occur in any organ where APUD cells are found.

See also

• Endocrine system
• Neuroendocrine tumor
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Pancreas
• Thyroid gland

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