Aquilaria malaccensis

Aquilaria malaccensis

Aquilaria malaccensis is a species of plant in the Thymelaeaceae family, known primarily for its significant economic and cultural value in the production of agarwood or oud. This tree is native to the rainforests of Southeast Asia, including countries such as India, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Aquilaria malaccensis is listed on the IUCN Red List as a critically endangered species due to overharvesting and habitat loss.

Description

Aquilaria malaccensis is a medium to large tree that can grow up to 40 meters in height. It has a straight trunk with a smooth, grey bark. The leaves are simple, alternate, and glossy green. The flowers are small and white, with a pleasant fragrance, leading to the production of oval-shaped fruits.

Agarwood Production

The heartwood of Aquilaria malaccensis undergoes a unique transformation when infected by a specific type of mold (fungus). This infection triggers a defense mechanism in the tree, producing a dark, aromatic resin as a response. This resin-impregnated wood is known as agarwood, which is highly valued for its distinctive fragrance. Agarwood is used in the production of perfume, incense, and traditional medicines across various cultures, especially in the Middle East and Asia.

Conservation Status

Due to its high value, Aquilaria malaccensis has been subjected to excessive logging and illegal harvesting, leading to a significant decline in its natural population. The species is classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Conservation efforts are underway, including the implementation of sustainable harvesting practices and the establishment of plantations to reduce pressure on wild populations.

Cultural Significance

In many cultures, agarwood is considered a precious commodity. It is used in religious rituals, as a luxury perfume ingredient, and in traditional medicine. The unique scent of agarwood is believed to have psychoactive effects that aid in meditation and spiritual practices.

See Also

• Agarwood
• Thymelaeaceae
• Conservation status
• IUCN Red List