Araneomorphae

Araneomorphae

Araneomorphae is a suborder of spiders that includes the majority of spider species. This group is characterized by their unique fang orientation and diverse web-building behaviors. Araneomorph spiders are distinguished from the Mygalomorphae, another suborder of spiders, by their fangs, which move in a pinching action towards each other, rather than in a parallel motion.

Characteristics

Araneomorphs are known for their advanced web-building techniques and diverse hunting strategies. They possess a wide range of morphological adaptations that allow them to exploit various ecological niches. Some key characteristics include:

• Fang Orientation: The fangs of Araneomorphae spiders are oriented diagonally, allowing them to pinch prey between them. This is in contrast to the parallel fangs of Mygalomorphae.
• Web Construction: Many araneomorphs are skilled web builders, creating intricate webs to capture prey. The orb-weaver spiders are a well-known group within this suborder that constructs spiral wheel-shaped webs.
• Diverse Habitats: Araneomorphs inhabit a wide range of environments, from forests and grasslands to deserts and urban areas.
• Venom: Most araneomorphs possess venom glands that they use to subdue prey. The potency and composition of the venom can vary significantly among species.

Taxonomy

The suborder Araneomorphae is divided into several infraorders and superfamilies, reflecting the diversity within the group. Some of the major infraorders include:

• Entelegynae: This infraorder includes the majority of araneomorph spiders, characterized by their complex female genitalia.
• Haplogynae: Spiders in this group have simpler genital structures and include families such as Pholcidae (cellar spiders) and Dysderidae.

Evolution

Araneomorphae spiders are believed to have evolved during the Jurassic period, approximately 200 million years ago. Their evolutionary success is attributed to their adaptability and the development of silk, which has allowed them to exploit a variety of ecological niches.

Ecological Role

Araneomorphs play a crucial role in ecosystems as both predators and prey. They help control insect populations, acting as natural pest control agents. Their presence in various habitats contributes to the biodiversity and balance of ecosystems.

Also see

• Spider anatomy
• Spider silk
• Spider behavior
• Mygalomorphae
• Orb-weaver spiders