Mygalomorphae

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Mygalomorphae
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Family:	'

Mygalomorphae is a suborder of spiders that includes some of the largest and most primitive spiders in the world. This group is characterized by their robust bodies, large fangs, and downward-striking chelicerae. Mygalomorphs are often referred to as "primitive spiders" due to their ancient lineage and morphological features that are considered basal compared to other spiders.

Description

Mygalomorph spiders are distinguished by their large, parallel fangs that move vertically, unlike the fangs of araneomorph spiders, which move in a pincer-like fashion. This suborder includes well-known families such as Theraphosidae (tarantulas) and Dipluridae (funnel-web spiders).

Mygalomorphs typically have a robust body structure, with a carapace that is often covered in dense hair or setae. They possess eight eyes arranged in two or three rows, although the arrangement can vary significantly between families.

Habitat and Distribution

Mygalomorphs are found worldwide, with a significant presence in tropical and subtropical regions. They are predominantly ground-dwelling spiders, often residing in burrows or under rocks and logs. Some species are adapted to arboreal habitats.

Behavior

Mygalomorphs are generally solitary and nocturnal predators. They rely on their size and strength to subdue prey, which includes insects, small mammals, and other arthropods. Many species are ambush predators, waiting at the entrance of their burrows to capture passing prey.

Reproduction

Reproduction in mygalomorphs involves complex courtship rituals. Males typically approach females cautiously to avoid being mistaken for prey. After mating, females lay eggs in a silk sac, which they guard until the spiderlings emerge.

Evolutionary Significance

Mygalomorphs are considered to be among the most ancient lineages of spiders, with fossil records dating back to the Carboniferous period. Their primitive features provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of spiders.

Conservation

Some mygalomorph species are threatened by habitat destruction and the pet trade. Conservation efforts focus on habitat preservation and regulation of trade in endangered species.

Also see

• Araneomorphae
• Tarantula
• Funnel-web spider
• Spider anatomy